Kolkata is located in the eastern part of India at 22°82'N latitude and 88°20'E longitude. It has stretched linearly along the banks of the river Hooghly and has an elevation ranging between 1.5 to 9 metres. The city originally, was a vast wetland and now one of the most populatedcities of the world. The city has a total geographical area of 1480 sq. kms. The Sundarbans delta which is located at a distance of 154 km to the south of Kolkata separates the city from the Bay of Bengal. The city has been |
divided into different topographical regions. There are mainly five geographical units including east, west, north, south and central Kolkata. The adjoining regions include Howrah, Hooghly, North 24 Parganas, South 24 Parganas and Nadia.
The city’s soil type is mainly alluvial similar to the soil of Indo-Gangetic plains. Quaternary sediments consisting of clay, silt, various grades of sand and gravel underlie the city. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds, the lower one at depths between 250 and 650 m and the upper one ranging between 10 and 40 m in thickness. Kolkata falls under the seismic zone-III with moderate damage risk in case of an earthquake. However, the city comes under the “Cyclonic Zone” creating very high damage risk from a Cyclone.
The city’s soil type is mainly alluvial similar to the soil of Indo-Gangetic plains. Quaternary sediments consisting of clay, silt, various grades of sand and gravel underlie the city. These sediments are sandwiched between two clay beds, the lower one at depths between 250 and 650 m and the upper one ranging between 10 and 40 m in thickness. Kolkata falls under the seismic zone-III with moderate damage risk in case of an earthquake. However, the city comes under the “Cyclonic Zone” creating very high damage risk from a Cyclone.
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